Which maternal infection is associated with the highest risk of intellectual disabilities in infants?

The correct answer is that congenital rubella is associated with the highest risk of intellectual disabilities in infants. Congenital rubella syndrome can lead to a variety of severe consequences for the developing fetus during pregnancy, including significant developmental delays and intellectual disabilities. The rubella virus can cross the placenta and infect the fetus during the first trimester, a critical period for neurological development, leading to a range of outcomes including congenital heart defects, sight issues, and cognitive impairments.

While maternal HIV has been linked to certain developmental concerns, it does not generally pose the same level of risk for intellectual disabilities in infants compared to congenital rubella syndrome. The specific teratogenic effects of rubella are well-documented, showing a strong correlation with severe neurodevelopmental disabilities. The impact of maternal AIDS and CMV, although serious, does not reach the same level of risk for intellectual disabilities as congenital rubella. Thus, recognizing the specific risks associated with different maternal infections is crucial for understanding the developmental implications for infants.