Which of the following conditions directly results from starvation and nutritional deficiencies?

C. Malnutrition is the correct answer because it specifically refers to a condition that arises from a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of nutrients in the diet. It encompasses a variety of health issues that can arise directly due to starvation or inadequate nutritional intake. Malnutrition significantly affects a person's overall health, growth, and development, particularly in children, leading to various physical and cognitive impairments.

In contrast to malnutrition, the other conditions mentioned—Prader-Willi Syndrome, Cri du Chat Syndrome, and Down Syndrome—are genetic disorders caused by chromosomal abnormalities or deletions, and do not directly relate to nutritional intake or starvation. Prader-Willi Syndrome involves malfunctioning genes on chromosome 15 that affect appetite regulation and growth. Cri du Chat Syndrome results from a deletion of a portion of chromosome 5, affecting physical and intellectual development. Down Syndrome is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21, which contributes to its characteristic features and developmental challenges. While these conditions may have associated nutritional concerns, they are not caused by starvation or nutritional deficiencies.