Which population is most at risk for Tay-Sachs disease?

Tay-Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that primarily affects individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. This population has a higher carrier frequency for the genetic mutation that causes Tay-Sachs due to a historical genetic bottleneck and founder effects that limited genetic diversity within this community.

The prevalence of Tay-Sachs among Ashkenazi Jews is estimated to be about 1 in 27 individuals being carriers, which is significantly higher than in other populations. This elevated risk is further compounded by the fact that both parents must be carriers for the disease to manifest in their children.

Other populations, such as African Americans, individuals of Asian descent, and individuals of European descent, have lower carrier rates for the Tay-Sachs mutation, which significantly reduces their risk of having affected children. Thus, the correct answer identifies the population with the highest risk for Tay-Sachs disease based on genetic carrier frequency and historical prevalence.