Which term refers to conditions caused by genetic abnormalities affecting the nervous system?

The term that refers to conditions caused by genetic abnormalities affecting the nervous system is best captured by the concept of intellectual disabilities. Intellectual disabilities often arise from genetic conditions that impact brain development or function, leading to challenges in cognitive processes, including learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and adaptive behavior. These disabilities can stem from various genetic factors, such as chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., Down syndrome) or inherited disorders (e.g., Fragile X syndrome).

In contrast, the other terms listed denote different types of conditions. Mental illnesses typically refer to disorders concerning mood, behavior, or functioning but are not primarily caused by genetic abnormalities in the nervous system. Developmental disorders, while they can overlap with intellectual disabilities, encompass a broader range of conditions that may also include issues such as autism spectrum disorders, which are not solely defined by cognitive impairment. Physical disabilities refer to conditions that mainly affect mobility or physical functioning, often stemming from different causes than those related to genetic abnormalities of the nervous system. Thus, intellectual disabilities represent the most accurate term for this specific context.