Which term refers to the process where neurons develop protective myelin sheaths?

The term that accurately describes the process where neurons develop protective myelin sheaths is myelinization. This process is crucial for the proper functioning of the nervous system, as myelin sheaths enable faster transmission of electrical signals along the nerve fibers. Through myelinization, the insulation provided by myelin allows for more efficient communication between neurons, facilitating rapid responses to stimuli.

In contrast to myelinization, neurogenesis refers to the formation of new neurons, which occurs mainly during early development but can continue in certain areas of the brain throughout life. Synaptogenesis is the formation of synapses, which are the connections between neurons, allowing for communication between them. Neural migration involves the movement of neurons to their appropriate positions in the developing brain, which is an important earlier stage in brain development that precedes myelinization. Understanding these processes helps illuminate how the nervous system matures and functions optimally.